PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Acetamiprid

Mol. wt. 222.7 M.f. C 10 H 11 ClN 4 Form Colourless crystals. M.p. 98.9 °C V.p. <1 ' 10 -3 mPa (25 oC) K OW logP = 0.80 (25 oC) Henry <5.3 ' 10 -8 Pa m 3 mol -1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.330 (20 °C) Solubility In water 4250 mg/l (25 oC). Soluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran. Stability Stable in buffered solutions at pH 4, 5, 7. Degraded slowly at pH 9 and 45 oC. Stable under sunlight. pKa 0.7, v. weak base

APPLICATIONS Acetamiprid

Biochemistry Agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, affecting the synapses in the insect central nervous system. Mode of action Systemic insecticide with translaminar activity and with contact and stomach action. Uses Control of Hemiptera, especially aphids, Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera, by soil and foliar application, on a wide range of crops, especially vegetables, fruit and tea. Applied at 75-300 g/ha on vegetables, 100-700 g/ha in orchards. Formulation types FU; GR; EC; WP.

ANALYSIS Acetamiprid

Tech. product by hplc; residues by gc.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY Acetamiprid

Oral Acute oral LD 50 for male rats 217, female rats 146, male mice 198, female mice 184 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD 50 for male and female rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin and eyes (rabbits); not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC 50 (4 h) for male and female rats >0.29 mg/l. NOEL (2 y) for rats 7.1 mg/kg b.w.; (18 mo) for mice 20.3 mg/kg b.w.; (1 y) for dogs 20 mg/kg b.w. Other Negative in the Ames test.

ECOTOXICOLOGY Acetamiprid

Birds LD 50 for bobwhite quail 180 mg/kg. LC 50 for bobwhite quail >5000 ppm. Fish LC 50 (24-96 h) for carp >100 mg/l. Daphnia LC 50 (24 h) >200 mg/l. Algae EC 50 (72 h) >98.3 mg/l; NOEC (72 h) 98.3 mg/l.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE Acetamiprid

Plants Slowly degraded on or in plants, forming five identified metabolites (H. Saito et al., Proc. 9th IUPAC Int. Congr. Pestic. Chem., London, 1998, 2 , 5A-010). Soil/Environment DT 50 in clay loam 1 d; in light clay 1-2 d. DT 50 for total residues 15-30 d.