Cloquintocet-mexyl

Mol. wt. 335.8 M.f. C₁₈H₂₂ClNO₃ Form Colourless crystals. M.p. 69.4 ºC; (tech., 61.4-69.0 ºC) V.p. 5.31 ´ 10^-3 mPa (25 ºC) (OECD 104) K_OW logP = 5.03 (25 ºC) Henry 3.02 ´ 10^-3 Pa m³ mol^-1 (calc.) S.g./density 1.05 g/cm³ (20 ºC) Solubility In water 0.59 mg/l (25 ºC). In ethanol 190, acetone 340, toluene 360, n-hexane 0.14, n-octanol 11 (all in g/l, 25 ºC). Stability Stable in acidic and neutral media, hydrolysed in alkaline media. DT₅₀ (25 ºC) 133.7 d (pH 7). pKa 3.5-4 (weak base, est.)

APPLICATIONS Cloquintocet-mexyl

Biochemistry Accelerates the detoxification process of clodinafop-propargyl in cereals (Kreuz et al., Z. Naturforsch., 1991, 46c, 901-905). Mode of action Improves cereal crop tolerance to the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl. Uses Used as a herbicide safener in combination with clodinafop-propargyl for selective control of annual grasses (Alopecurus myosuroides, Avena spp., Lolium spp., Phalaris spp., Poa trivialis, Setaria spp.) in small grain cereals. Formulation types EC; WP. Compatibility Always in combination with clodinafop-propargyl. Selected tradenames: mixtures: 'Celio' (+ clodinafop-propargyl) (France) (Syngenta); 'Topik' (+ clodinafop-propargyl) (Syngenta)

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY Cloquintocet-mexyl

Oral Acute oral LD₅₀ for rats and mice >2000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD₅₀ for rats >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to eyes and skin (rabbits). May cause skin sensitisation (guinea pigs). Inhalation LC₅₀ (4 h) for rats >0.935 mg/l air. NOEL (2 y) for rats 4 mg/kg b.w. daily; (18 mo) for mice 106.5 mg/kg b.w. daily; (1 y) for dogs 44 mg/kg b.w. daily. ADI 0.04 mg/kg b.w. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III EC hazard (R43)

ECOTOXICOLOGY Cloquintocet-mexyl

Birds Non-toxic. LD₅₀ for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg. Fish Non-toxic. LC₅₀ (96 h) for rainbow trout and carp >76, bluegill sunfish >51, catfish 14 mg/l. Daphnia LC₅₀ (48 h) >100 mg/l. Algae EC₅₀ (96-120 h) for Scenedesmus subspicatus 0.63, Microcystis 2.5, Navicula 1.7 mg/l. Bees Non-toxic. LC₅₀ (48 h, oral and contact) >100 mg/bee. Worms LC₅₀ for earthworms >1000 mg/kg.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE Cloquintocet-mexyl

Animals Hydrolysed to the free acid as the major metabolite. Plants Rapidly degraded to the free acid as the major metabolite. Soil/Environment In soil, rapid degradation to the free acid, DT₅₀ 0.5-2.4 d. Further degradation and mineralisation of the acid occur within a few weeks to a few months. Cloquintocet-mexyl and its major metabolites have low soil mobility, are strongly adsorbed to soil and have low leaching potential. DT₅₀ (parent) <1 d in natural aquatic systems.

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