Fungicide Fosetyl-aluminium

NOMENCLATURE

fosetyl-aluminium

Common name fosetyl-aluminium

Other names efosite-Al* (rejected common name proposal); EPAL CAS RN [39148-24-8] EEC no. 254-320-2 Development codes LS 74 783; RP 32545 (both Rhône-Poulenc) 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

fosetyl-aluminium

Composition Tech. is ³95% pure. Mol. wt. 354.1 M.f. C₆H₁₈AlO₉P₃ Form Colourless powder; (tech. is a white to yellowish powder). M.p. >200 °C V.p. <0.013 mPa (25 ºC) K_OW logP = -2.7 (pH 4) Henry <3.93 ´ 10^-8 Pa m³ mol^-1 (calc.) Solubility In water 120 g/l (20 ºC). In methanol 920, acetone 13, propylene glycol 80, ethyl acetate 5, acetonitrile 5, hexane 5 (all in mg/l, 20 ºC). Stability Hydrolysis of fosetyl-aluminium occurs under extreme acid or alkaline conditions. DT₅₀ 5 d (pH 3), 13.4 d (pH 13). Decomposes above 200 ºC. 

APPLICATIONS

fosetyl-aluminium

Biochemistry Acts by inhibiting germination of spores or by blocking development of mycelium and sporulation. Mode of action Systemic fungicide, rapidly absorbed through the plant leaves or roots, with translocation both acropetally and basipetally. Uses Control of diseases caused by Phycomycetes (Phytophthora, Pythium, Plasmopara, Bremia spp., etc.) on a variety of crops including vines, fruit (citrus, pineapples, avocados, stone fruit and pome fruit), berries, vegetables, hops, ornamentals and turf. Also useful activity against several bacterial plant pathogens. Formulation types WG; WP. Compatibility Incompatible with foliar fertilisers. Selected tradenames: 'Aliette' (Aventis); 'Fosim' (Agrimix)

ANALYSIS Fosetyl-aluminium

Product analysis by iodometric potentiometric titration (CIPAC Handbook, 1995, G, 82-88). Residues determined by glc of the parent compound and its metabolite. Details of methods are available from Aventis. 

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY

fosetyl-aluminium

Oral Acute oral LD₅₀ for rats and mice >2000 mg/kg. Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD₅₀ for rats and rabbits >2000 mg/kg. Non-irritating to skin. Inhalation LC₅₀ (4 h) for rats >1.73 mg/l air. NOEL (90 d) for rats 5000, dogs 50 000 mg/kg diet. Non-teratogenic and non-mutagenic. ADI 0-3.0 mg/kg b.w. Other Non-carcinogenic. Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) III (Table 5); EPA (formulation) III 

ECOTOXICOLOGY

fosetyl-aluminium

Birds Acute oral LD₅₀ for bobwhite quail >8000 mg/kg. Fish LC₅₀ (96 h) for rainbow trout 94.3-428 mg/l. Daphnia LC₅₀ (96 h) 189 mg/l. Algae EC₅₀ (96 h) for Scenedesmus panonicus 21.9 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. LC₅₀ (96 h) for fiddler crab 145 mg/l. Bees No mortality to honeybees at 0.2 mg/bee (contact). Worms Harmless. Other beneficial spp. Harmless. 

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

fosetyl-aluminium

Animals Fosetyl-aluminium is almost completely absorbed and undergoes extensive metabolic transformation, the major end-products being CO₂ and phosphorous acid. Plants The metabolism of fosetyl-aluminium in plants proceeds through the hydrolytic cleavage of the ethyl ester bond. Phosphorous acid is detected as the major metabolite. Soil/Environment In soil, fosetyl-aluminium has an extremely short half-life under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with rapid dissipation and metabolism; DT₅₀ (aerobic) 20 min to 1.5 h. In water, its stability is pH-dependent.